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After years of research, metal laser cutting machine have increased the processing and production efficiency of some sectors, increasing their use. When it comes to processing and manufacturing, optical fiber laser cutting machines use laser technology, which is non-contact. There is little risk of damaging or distorting the material, and the procedure is precise and quick.
The Theory Behind Laser Cutting
In laser cutting, a focused beam of high power density irradiates the work piece, causing the material to melt rapidly, evaporate, ablate, or reach the ignition point. Then, the molten material is blown away by a stream of high-velocity air that is coaxial with the beam. When it comes to thermal cutting processes, laser cutting is one option.
The Different Types of Laser Cuts
There are several different kinds of laser cutting, including vaporization, melting, oxygen cutting, scribing, and fracture control.
Cutting using a Laser that Vaporizes the Material
Using a laser beam with a high energy density causes the workpiece to heat up quickly, eventually reaching the boiling point of the material and turning it into steam. These gases are sent out at incredible velocities. A notch is carved into the material by the steam’s outgoing force. Laser vaporization cutting necessitates high power and power density due to the high heat of vaporization required for most materials. Laser vaporization cutting is commonly used to sever fragile sheets of metal or non-metal.
Melting-Cutting Lasers
Before beginning the cutting process, the metal must first be heated to the point where it can be melted by the laser. After that, a non-oxidizing gas is injected through a nozzle that is coaxial with the beam in order to discharge the liquid metal. The high pressure of the gas is then used to cut a notch in the surface of the liquid metal. Laser melting cutting requires just a tenth as much energy as vaporization cutting since the metal is not vaporized. 1 2 3
Oxygen Laser Cutting
Laser oxygen cutting works on a similar concept to oxyacetylene cutting. The laser serves as a preheating heat source, while an active gas like oxygen is used as the cutting gas. The injected gas reacts with the metal being cut, resulting in an oxidation process and the production of a great deal of oxidation heat on the one hand. Due to the high heat output of the laser oxygen cutting requires just half the energy of melting cutting while providing many faster-cutting speeds than both laser vaporization cutting and melting cutting. 2 3 4 5
Laser Scribing for Fracture Control
By scanning the surface of fragile material with a high energy density laser, the material is heated and evaporated into a minor groove; when a particular pressure is applied, the brittle material cracks along the narrow track, a process known as laser scribing. Laser scribing often employs Q-switched lasers or CO2 lasers. With Laser Grooving, and cracking them along narrow grooves due to the resulting steep temperature distribution.
